Islamic medical manuscripts: catalogue

Kitāb fī manāfi ‘al-a‘ḍa”(MS A 30.1)(On the Usefulness of the Parts) كتاب فى منافعالاعضاءby Galen (d. ca. 216 AD)جالينوس

Galen”s major physiological writing, On the Usefulness of the Parts, though written in Greek is usually referred khổng lồ by its Latin title, De usu partium.

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It consists of seventeen books (maqalahs) & was translated into lớn Arabic, from a Syriac text now lost, by Hubaysh, the nephew of the translator and physician Ḥunayn ibn Isḥāq, who died in 873 or 877 (260 or 264 H). Hubaysh”s Arabic translation was then revised by Ḥunayn himself, who had earlier prepared the Syriac version used by Hubaysh. This final Arabic version of De usu partium had great influence in medical literature throughout the Islamic world, from the 9th century through the 17th, from Persia to lớn Spain.

Only four other copies of the Arabic translation are known to exist: Escorial (Spain) MS 850, copied in 1145/539H; Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale de France MS arabe 2853 copied in 1283/682H; Manchester, John Rylands MS 809, undated ca. 17th century; & Baghdad, Iraq Museum MS 1378-5, undated ca. 16th century. see Ullmann, Medizin, p. 41 no. 15; Sezgin GAS III, p. 106 no. 40; và Usamah Nasir Naqshabandi, Makhtutat al-tibb wa-al-saydalah wa-al-baytarah fi Maktabat al-Muthaf al-‘Iraqi (Baghdad: Wizarat al-Thaqafah wa-al-I‘lam, 1981) p. 361 no. 702.

An edition và English translation of the Arabic version of the sixteenth book (on nerves, veins, and arteries) of De usu partium has been prepared by E. Savage-Smith, Galen on Nerves, Veins and Arteries: A critical edition, edition & translation from the Arabic, with notes, glossary and in introductory essay (Ph.D. diss. University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1969; University Microfilms no. 69-22,480). The manuscript at phebinhvanhoc.com.vn/en was not used in this edition since it is lacking the 16th and 17th book.

A summary (jawami‘) of Galen”s treatise attributed khổng lồ one Yaḥyá al-Naḥwī is quoted is a passage added at the over of the fourteenth book in the phebinhvanhoc.com.vn/en copy (fol. 209a). This synopsis is also quoted in the Paris manuscript. These are the only two references we have sầu lớn such a summary being made by Yaḥyá al-Naḥwī (John the Grammarian or John Philoponus). There is a confusion of people known in Arabic as Yaḥyá al-Naḥwī: (1) the 6th-century Aristotelian commentator, John Philoponus, (2) the author of a commentary on De usu partium, who probably was a medical writer living in Alexandria in the late 6th or early 7th century whose Greek commentary on De usu partium was translated inlớn Arabic by Ibn Zur‘ah in the 10th century, và (3) the author of the summary (jawami‘) of De usu partium, who appears to lớn be yet another, later, Arabic-speaking Yahya al-Nahwi.

The Greek original of Galen”s treatise has been translated inkhổng lồ English: Galen, On the Usefulness of the Parts of the Body, trans. M.T. May (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1968, 2 vols.). The Greek text has been edited by G. Helmreich, De usu partium libri XVII (Leipzig: Teubner, 1907-9, 2 vols.). see also Gerhard Fichtner, Corpus Galenicum: Verzeichnis der galenischen und pseudogalenischen Schriften (Tübingen: Institut für Geschichte der Medizin, 1985; rev. ed. 1996) p. 19-20 nos. 17 và 18.

Kitāb fī manāfi ‘al-a‘ (MS A 30.1)

Illustrations

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The over of the fourteenth book of Galen”s treatise On the Usefulness of the Parts, followed by a quotation from a summary (jawami‘) of Galen”s treatise attributed to one Yaḥyá al-Naḥwī (John the Grammarian, or, John Philoponus).

Physical Description

Arabic. 218 leaves. Dimensions 25.2 x 17.8; text area 16.8 x 10.7 cm; 25 lines per page. The title and the author (Jalinus/Galen) are given on fol. 20a và at the kết thúc of each section thereafter. The Arabic translator is named on fol. 209a, line 8, as Ḥunayn ibn Isḥāq al-‘Ibādī.

The copy is incomplete, beginning in the middle of the first book (maqalah) và stopping in the middle of the fifteenth book. There is a break in the text between fols. 68 và 69; parts of the fifth book & the start of the sixth have sầu been repeated. Breaks also occur between fols. 167 & 168 và between fols. 170 & 171.

The manuscript itself is undated, but the appearance of the paper, ink, và handwriting suggests a date of about the 17th century.

The text is written in a small, careful, elegant, and professional naskh. The text area has been frame-ruled. Blachồng ink with headings in red. There are catchwords and corrections by the copyist. There are later marginal numerals alonside the section headings, usually with extra paper pasted at the edge to lớn reinforce it. There are only occasional marginalia in later hands, including a talismanic thiết kế (partially cut off) at the top of fol. 140b.

The glossy beige paper has vertical curved laid lines (often indistinct) but no chain lines. The paper is waterstained & damaged from damp, & fol. 218 is quite brown & soiled. The edges have sầu been trimmed from their original size.

Binding

The volume is bound in pasteboards covered with purple paper; the spine is leather. The endpapers (blank) are of a different & more recent paper. The front pastedown, of modern graph paper, has penciled notes; the bachồng pastedown is a page from a Persian manuscript consisting of a letter dated 1329 H và written on a modern lined paper that has been folded several times.

Provenance

The volume was purchased by the National Library of Medicine in 1962 from Dr. Lutfi M. Sa‘di of Detroit (Sa‘di MS. 1).

References

Hamarneh, “phebinhvanhoc.com.vn/en”, p. 79-80; D.A. Kronichồng and A.S. Ehrenkreutz, “Arabic medicine, AD 740-1400,” Medical Bulletin of the University of Michigan, volume 22 (1956), p. 217-218.

phebinhvanhoc.com.vn/en Microfilm Reel: Film 70-59 no. 8

Maqalat fi al-‘izam lil-muta‘allimin(MS Phường 26, thắng lợi 3)(Treatise on Bones for Beginners)مقاله فى العظام للمتعلمين by Galen (d. ca. 216 AD)جالينوس

According lớn early Arabic sources, there were sixteen (or fifteen) Galenic treatises, or groups of treatises, that were considered fundamental to lớn medical teaching in pre-Islamic Alexandria and in the early centuries of Islam. These are often referred to lớn as the Alexandrian “Canon” of Galenic treatises. One of these groups of fundamental writings were four short anatomical treatises that were intended as introductory texts in anatomy. The group comprised a treatise on bones for beginners, one on the anatomy of the muscles, one on the anatomy of the nerves, và one on the anatomy of the veins & arteries. see A.Z. Iskandar, “An Attempted Reconstruction of the Late Alexandrian Medical Curriculum,” Medical History, vol. 20 (1976), p. 235-258.

The present manuscript is a copy of the treatise on bones for beginners, known in Latin as De ossibus ad tirones. For other copies of the Arabic text, see Sezgin GAS III, p. 83-4 no. 7, and Ullmann, Medizin, p. 40 no. 13.

The Arabic translation of the treatise has not been published. The original Greek was edited and translated by M.G. Moore, Galen: Introduction to the Bones (Ph.D. dissertation, University of Michigan, 1969). Earlier English translations from the Greek were made by C.M. Goss and E. Goss Chodkowski, ” “On Bones for Beginners” by Galen of Pergamon: a translation with commentary,” American Journal of Anatomy, vol. 169 (1984) p. 61-74, & by C. Singer, “Galen”s Elementary Course on Bones,” Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, Section on History of Medicine, vol. 45 (1952) p. 767-776. The Greek text was published earlier in C.G. Kuehn, Claudii Galeni opera omnia (đôi mươi vols., Leipzig, 1821-1833), vol. 2, p. 732-778. see also Gerhard Fichtner, Corpus Galenicum: Verzeichnis der galenischen und pseudogalenischen Schriften (Tübingen: Institut für Geschichte der Medizin, 1985; rev. ed. 1996), p. 17-18 no. 12.

Maqālat fī al-‘izām lil-muta‘allimīn (MS P. 26, công trình 3)

Illustrations

*

The beginning of the Arabic translation of Galen”s treatise On Bones for Beginners.

Physical Description

Arabic. 27 folquả táo (fol. 62b, line 4 khổng lồ 88b, line 7). Dimensions 19 x 12.2 cm; text area 12 x 6.3 cm; 12 lines per page. The title & author are given in the colophon on fol. 88b, lines 6-7, with a shorter title (Kitāb Jalinus fī tashrīḥ al-‘izām, “Book of Galen on the Anatomy of the Bones”) given on fol. 62b, lines 7-8. The translator is named by Ḥunayn ibn Isḥāq on fol. 62b.

The manuscript is undated, but the appearance of the paper, ink, and handwriting suggests a dating of the early 18th century. This thành phầm in the volume was copied by the same unnamed copyist who transcribed the previous Persian tác phẩm và the subsequent three items in the volume.

The text is written in a medium-small, careful & professional naskh with some ta‘liq characteristics. The text area has been frame-ruled, with some final letters of words at the end of the lines written in the margins. Black ink with headings in black & in red. There are catchwords và some scribal corrections, with a few later marginal annotations and corrections.

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The very glossy beige paper has occasional thin patches và indistinct wavy horizontal laid lines, but no chain lines. The same paper was used throughout the volume. There is waterstaining on the three open sides of all the leaves. The edges or corner of a number of leaves have been repaired. There has been some earlier numbering of some folgame ios in pencilled Western numerals, but they are badly out of sequence with the recent foliation.

The volume consists of 118 leaves. Item 1 (fols. 1a-19b) is an anonymous and untitled tabular treatise on foods (MS P. 26, thành phầm 1), and cống phẩm 2 (fols. 20a-62b) on food và drink, untitled, by Vaṭvāṭ (MS P.. 26, thành tựu 2). Item 3 (fols. 62b-88b) is the Maqālat fī al-‘izām lil-muta‘allimīn by Galen is here catalogued & cửa nhà 4 (fols. 88b-109a) the Maqālat fī tashrīḥ al-‘aḍal also by Galen (MS Phường 26, vật phẩm 4). Item 5 (fols. 109b-113a) contains compound remedies, anonymous & untitled (MS P. 26, thành công 5), và cống phẩm 6 (fols. 113a-118b) is an anonymous & untitled tract on sexual hygiene (MS Phường. 26, thành công 6).

Binding

The volume is bound in modern binding of brown leather over pasteboards. There are modern paper pastedowns và endpapers.

Provenance

The volume was purchased in 1941 by the Army Medical Library from A.S. Yahuda (ELS 2375).

References

Schullian/Sommer, Cat. of incun. và MSS., entry P26, p. 338.

phebinhvanhoc.com.vn/en Microfilm Reel: FILM 48-137 no. 1

Maqālat fī tashrīḥ al-‘aḍal (MS P 26, chiến thắng 4)(Treatise on the Anatomy of Muscles)مقاله فى تشريح العضل by Galen (d. ca. 216 AD)جالينوس

According to early Arabic sources, there were sixteen (or fifteen) Galenic treatises, or groups of treatises, that were considered fundamental to lớn medical teaching in pre-Islamic Alexandria and in the early centuries of Islam. These are often referred khổng lồ the the Alexandrian “Canon” of Galenic treatises. One of these groups of fundamental writings were four short anatomical treatises that were intended as introduction texts in anatomy. The group comprised a treatise on bones for beginners, one on the anatomy of the muscles, one on the anatomy of the nerves, & one on the anatomy of the veins & arteries. see A.Z. Iskandar, “An Attempted Reconstruction of the Late Alexandrian Medical Curriculum,” Medical History, volume đôi mươi (1976), p. 235-258.

The present manuscript is a copy of the treatise on the anatomy of the muscles, known in Latin as De musculorum dissectione or De musculorum dissectione ad tirones. For other copies, see Sezgin GAS III, p. 84-5 no. 8, & Ullmann, Medizin, p. 40 no. 13.

The Arabic translation has not been published. The original Greek text was published earlier in C.G. Kuehn, Claudii Galeni opera omnia (trăng tròn vols., Leipzig, 1821-1833), vol. 18, p. 926-1026. see also Gerhard Fichtner, Corpus Galenicum: Verzeichnis der galenischen und pseudogalenischen Schriften (Tübingen: Institut für Geschichte der Medizin, 1985; rev. ed. 1996), p. 17-18 no. 112.

The Greek version was translated inkhổng lồ English by C.M. Goss, “On the anatomy of muscles for beginners by Galen of Pergamon”, Anatomical Record, vol. 143 (1963) p. 477-501.

Maqālat fī tashrīḥ al-‘aḍal (MS Phường. 26, vật phẩm 4)

Illustrations

*

The beginning of the Arabic translation of Galen”s treatise On Muscles for Beginners.

Physical Description

Arabic. 22 foltiện ích ios (fol. 88b, line 8 lớn fol.109a). Dimensions 19 x 12.2 cm; text area 12 x 6.3 cm; 12 lines per page. The title and author are given at the beginning of the text on fol. 88b.

The copy is incomplete.

The manuscript is undated, but the appearance of the paper, ink, & handwriting suggests a dating of the early 18th century. This tòa tháp in the volume was copied by the same unnamed copyist who transcribed the second thành quả in the volume, a Persian medical treatise, và the preceding Arabic treatise, which is a copy of Galen”s treatise on the anatomy of the bones for beginniners.

The text is written in a medium-small, careful & professional naskh with some ta‘liq characteristics. The text area has been frame-ruled, with some final letters of words at the over of the lines written in the margins. Blachồng ink with headings in blachồng và in red. There are catchwords and some scribal corrections, with a few later marginal annotations and corrections.

The very glossy beige paper has occasional thin patches & indistinct wavy horizontal laid lines, but no chain lines. The same paper was used throughout the volume. There is waterstaining on the three open sides of all the leaves. The edges or corner of a number of leaves have been repaired. There has been some earlier numbering of some folgame ios in pencilled Western numerals, but they are badly out of sequence with the recent foliation.

Binding

The volume is bound in modern binding of brown leather over pasteboards. There are modern paper pastedowns & endpapers.

The volume consists of 118 leaves. Item 1 (fols. 1a-19b) is an anonymous và untitled tabular treatise on foods (MS Phường 26, công trình 1), và chiến thắng 2 (fols. 20a-62b) on food và drink, untitled, by Vaṭvāṭ (MS Phường 26, cống phẩm 2). Item 3 (fols. 62b-88b) is the Maqālat fī al-‘izām lil-muta‘allimīn by Galen (MS Phường. 26, sản phẩm 3), and item 4 (fols. 88b-109a) the Maqālat fī tashrīḥ al-‘aḍal also by Galen here catalogued. Item 5 (fols. 109b-113a) contains compound remedies, anonymous & untitled (MS Phường 26, công trình 5), và cống phẩm 6 (fols. 113a-118b) is an anonymous and untitled tract on sexual hygiene (MS P 26, công trình 6).

Provenance

The volume was purchased in 1941 by the Army Medical Library from A.S. Yahudomain authority (ELS 2375).

References

Schullian/Sommer, Cat. of incun. & MSS.

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, entry P26, p. 338.

phebinhvanhoc.com.vn/en Microfilm Reel: FILM 48-137 no. 1

Spurious Galenic Treatises

Kitāb Taqāsīm al-insānīyah fī al-ṣūrah al-basharīyah(MS A 74) (The Classification of People in Terms of the Bodily Forms)كتاب تقاسيم الانسانيه فى الصوره البشريهattributed khổng lồ Galen (d. ca. 216 AD)جالينوس

This treatise is a loosely organized assemblage of material on the structure of the human body và prognostics said lớn be by Galen. The manuscript at phebinhvanhoc.com.vn/en appears to be the only preserved copy.

It opens with the statement that the constitution (khalq) of the human body consists of four divisions: the head, the hands, the abdomen & the legs. There follows an enumeration of the number of bones in each of these divisions và then the number of blood vessels in each, followed by a general discussion of the nature and propeties of the constitution (khalq) of some internal organs, such as the brain, liver, kidney, and spleen. Intermingled with this material is a section on palpitation (majissah) of the arteries (fol. 8b-9b) và a section (fol. 12a-13a) in which it is asserted that Plakhổng lồ the philosopher (Aflatun al-filasuf) maintained that the human body is divided inlớn four aspects (taba”i‘): the head, the chest, the belly, and the genitalia. On fol. 13a (line 10), the subject changes abruptly with a title, written in larger script, Hikayat min akhbar al-salihin (Stories from Reports of Predecessors) followed by three anecdotes. The first concerns Hippocrates speaking khổng lồ Musá ; the second concerns a question addressed khổng lồ Socrates by one (unnamed) of his students; và the third concerns a conversation between two of the Orthodox caliphs, Abū Bakr & ‘Alī ibn Abī Talib. This section ends (fol. 13b line 8) with the statement that Hippocrates và Socrates are numbered amongst the Greeks, & that Plakhổng lồ was a descendent (hafidh) of Idris. Immediately following this anedoctal interlude is a short discourse on the examination of urine, with the title Qala fī sifat al-bawl (He Said Concerning the Property of Urine).

Not only is the section of anecdotes clearly not by Galen, but the other parts of the treatise vì chưng not correspond with any Greek treatise known to lớn be by Galen. The compilation is quite certainly a spurious attribution, though it may draw upon some Galenic và pseudo-Galenic material. The manuscript was owned in the 19th-century by the translator into lớn Turkish of the Canon on Medicine by Avicenna & head physician of the Ottoman Empire, Mustafa Behcet.

Kitāb Taqāsīm al-insānīyah fī al-ṣūrah al-basharīyah (MS A 74)

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