Literature Reading Fiction Poetry And Drama 6th Edition Pdf
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About Literature Reading Fiction Poetry And Drama 6th Edition Pdf
This print textbook is available for students to rent for their classes. The Pearson print rental program provides students with affordable access to learning materials, so they come to class ready to succeed.
For introductory courses in Literature.
Cultivates a love of literature and an understanding of effective writing
Kennedy/Gioia’sBackpack Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and Writing, 6th Edition is a brief version of the discipline’s most popular literature anthology.
Backpack Literatureintroduces students to the appreciation and experience of literature in its major forms – and develops their abilities to think critically and communicate effectively through, and about, writing. Authors X.J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia aim to help readers develop sensitivity to language, culture, and identity, see beyond the boundaries of their own selves, and view the world through the eyes of others.
Each of the first three sections is devoted to one of the major literary forms of fiction, poetry, and drama; the fourth is a comprehensive introduction to critical writing. The6th Editionof this trusted resource has been revised throughout for clarity and accessibility, and all chapters have been updated with a more visual appeal for current students. Packed with a variety of popular and provocative stories, poems, plays, and critical prose, it includes exciting and often-surprising contemporary selections. Every chapter has been reviewed and updated with relevant cultural references.
Table of Content of Literature Reading Fiction Poetry And Drama 6th Edition Pdf
FICTION
Talking with Amy Tan
1. READING A STORY
THE ART OF FICTION
TYPES OF SHORT FICTION
Sufi Legend,Death Has an Appointment in SamarraA student tries to flee from Death in this brief, sardonic fable.
Aesop,The Fox and the GrapesEver wonder where the phrase “sour grapes” comes from? Find out in this classic fable.
Bidpai,The Camel and His FriendsWith friends like these, you can guess what the camel doesn’t need.
Chuang Tzu,IndependenceThe Prince of Ch’u asks the philosopher Chuang Tzu to become his advisor and gets a surprising reply in this classic Chinese fable.
Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm, Godfather DeathNeither God nor the Devil came to the christening. In this stark folktale, a young man receives magical powers with a string attached.
PLOT
THE SHORT STORY
John Updike,A & PIn walk three girls in nothing but bathing suits, and Sammy finds himself no longer an aproned checkout clerk but an armored knight.
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
THINKING ABOUT PLOT
CHECKLIST: Writing about Plot
TOPICS FOR WRITING ON PLOT
TERMS FOR REVIEW
2. POINT OF VIEW
IDENTIFYING POINT OF VIEW
TYPES OF NARRATORS
HOW MUCH DOES A NARRATOR KNOW?
STREAM OF CONSCIOUSNESS
William Faulkner,A Rose for EmilyProud, imperious Emily Grierson defies the town from the fortress of her mansion. Who could have guessed the secret that lay within?
Edgar Allan Poe, The Tell-Tale HeartAn omniscient infant narrator, able to access any conversation or scene on the planet, is born into a time of war.
Eudora Welty,A Worn PathThe smoldering eye at last extinguished, a murderer finds that, despite all his
attempts at a cover-up, his victim will be heard.
Flannery O’Connor,A Good Man Is Hard to FindWanted: The Misfit, a cold-blooded killer. An ordinary family vacation leads to horror—and one moment of redeeming grace.
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
THINKING ABOUT POINT OF VIEW
CHECKLIST: Writing About Point of View
TOPICS FOR WRITING ON POINT OF VIEW
TERMS FOR REVIEW
3. CHARACTER
CHARACTERIZATION
MOTIVATION
Tobias Wolff,Bullet in the BrainAnders is in line when armed robbers enter the bank, and he can’t help but get involved.
Joyce Carol Oates,Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?Alone in the house, Connie finds herself helpless before the advances of Arnold Friend, a spellbinding imitation teenager.
Toni Morrison,RecitatifOver many decades, two women’s lives continue to collide, as they find that their relationship is complicated by the challenges of race, class, and circumstance.
Raymond Carver,CathedralHe never expected to find himself trying to describe a cathedral to a blind man. He hadn’t even wanted to meet this odd, old friend of his wife.
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
THINKING ABOUT CHARACTER
CHECKLIST: Writing about Character
TOPICS FOR WRITING ON CHARACTER
TERMS FOR REVIEW
4. SETTING
ELEMENTS OF SETTING
HISTORICAL FICTION
REGIONALISM
NATURALISM
HOW SETTING CAN HARMONIZE WITH OTHER ELEMENTS OF A STORY
Kate Chopin,The StormEven with her husband away, Calixta feels happily, securely married. Why then should she not shelter an old admirer from the rain?
Jack London,To Build a FireSeventy-five degrees below zero. Alone except for one mistrustful wolf dog, a man finds himself battling a relentless force.
Jorge Luis Borges, The Gospel According to MarkA young man from Buenos Aires is trapped by a flood on an isolated ranch. To pass the time, he reads the Gospel to a family with unforeseen results.
Amy Tan,A Pair of TicketsA young woman flies with her father to China to meet two half-sisters she never knew existed.
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
THINKING ABOUT SETTING
CHECKLIST: Writing About Setting
TOPICS FOR WRITING ON SETTING
TERMS FOR REVIEW
5. TONE AND STYLE
TONE
STYLE
DICTION
Ernest Hemingway,A Clean, Well-Lighted PlaceAll by himself each night, the old man lingers in the bright café. What does he need more than brandy?
William Faulkner,Barn BurningThis time when Ab Snopes wields his blazing torch, his son Sarty faces a dilemma: whether to obey or defy the vengeful old man.
IRONY
O. Henry,The Gift of the Magi A young husband and wife find ingenious ways to buy each other Christmas presents, in the classic story that defines the word “irony.”
Margaret Atwood, Happy EndingsJohn and Mary meet. What happens next? This witty experimental story offers several different outcomes.
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
THINKING ABOUT TONE AND STYLE
CHECKLIST: Writing about Tone and Style
TOPICS FOR WRITING ON TONE AND STYLE
TERMS FOR REVIEW
6. THEME
PLOT VERSUS THEME
SUMMARIZING THE THEME
FINDING THE THEME
Tim O’Brien,The Things They CarriedWhat each soldier carries into the combat zone is largely determined by
necessity, but each man’s necessities differ.
Sandra Cisneros,Barbie-QThe trouble with buying Barbie dolls is that you want all the clothes, companions, and accessories. But in this neighborhood, things suddenly change.
Luke,The Parable of the Prodigal SonA father has two sons. One demands his inheritance now and leaves to spend it with ruinous results.
Kurt Vonnegut Jr., Harrison BergeronAre you handsome? Then off with your eyebrows! Are you brainy? Then a transmitter will sound thought-shattering beeps inside your ear.
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
THINKING ABOUT THEME
CHECKLIST: Writing About Theme
TOPICS FOR WRITING ON THEME
TERMS FOR REVIEW
7. SYMBOL
ALLEGORY
SYMBOLS
RECOGNIZING SYMBOLS
John Steinbeck,The ChrysanthemumsFenced-in Elisa feels emotionally starved—then her life promises to blossom with the arrival of the scissors-grinding man.
Charlotte Perkins Gilman,The Yellow WallpaperA doctor prescribes a “rest cure” for his wife after the birth of their child. The new mother tries to settle in to life in the isolated and mysterious country house they have rented for the summer. The cure proves worse than the disease in this Gothic classic.
Ursula K. Le Guin, The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas Omelas is the perfect city. All of its inhabitants are happy. But everyone’s prosperity depends on a hidden evil.
Shirley Jackson, The LotterySplintered and faded, the sinister black box has worked its annual terror for longer than anyone in town can remember.
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
THINKING ABOUT SYMBOLS
CHECKLIST: Writing About Symbols
TOPICS FOR WRITING ON SYMBOLS
TERMS FOR REVIEW
8. GALLERY OF INTERNATIONAL VOICES
NIGERIA: Chinua Achebe, Dead Men’s Path The new headmaster of the village school is determined to fight superstition, but the villagers do not agree.
MEXICO: Inés Arredondo,The Shunammite When Luisa visits her dying uncle, she has no idea that her life is about to change forever.
COLUMBIA: Gabriel García Marquez,The Handsomest Drowned Man in the World Even in death, a mysterious stranger has a profound effect on all of the people in the village.
CHINA: Ha Jin,SaboteurWhen the police unfairly arrest Mr. Chiu, he hopes for justice. After witnessing their brutality, he quietly plans revenge.
ANTIGUA: Jamaica Kincaid,Girl“Try to walk like a lady, and not like the slut you are so bent on becoming.” An old-fashioned mother tells her daughter how to live.
EGYPT: Naguib Mahfouz,The Lawsuit He thought he’d seen the last of his late father’s second wife, but now she’s back to trouble his peaceful existence.
INDIA: Bharati Mukherjee,SaintsShawn wanders around his neighborhood at night, imagining an existence other than the sad, confusing, and often frightening home life dominated by the unwelcome presence of his mom’s boyfriend, Wayne.
9. STORIES FOR FURTHER READING
Sherman Alexie,This Is What It Means to Say Phoenix, ArizonaThe only one who can help Victor when his father dies is a childhood friend he’s been avoiding for years.
T. Coraghessan Boyle,Greasy LakeMurky and strewn with beer cans, the lake appears to be a wasteland. One grim night on its shore, three “dangerous characters” learn a lesson.
Ray Bradbury,A Sound of ThunderIn 2055, you can go on a Time Safari to hunt dinosaurs 60 million years
ago. But put one foot wrong, and suddenly the future’s not what it used to be.
Kate Chopin,The Story of an Hour “There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it, fearfully. What was it? She did not know; it was too subtle and elusive to name.”
Neil Gaiman, How to Talk to Girls at PartiesTwo teenage boys try to navigate their way through a party filled with exotic, mysterious girls.
Nathaniel Hawthorne,Young Goodman BrownUrged on through deepening woods, a young Puritan sees—or dreams he sees—good villagers hasten toward a diabolic rite.
Zora Neale Hurston, Sweat Delia’s hard work paid for her small house. Now her drunken husband Sykes has promised it to another woman.
James Joyce,ArabyIf only he can find her a token, she might love him in return. As night falls, a Dublin boy hurries to make his dream come true.
Franz Kafka,Before the LawA man from the country comes in search of the Law. He never guesses what
will prevent him from finding it, in this modern parable.
Katherine Mansfield,Miss BrillSundays had long brought joy to solitary Miss Brill, until one fateful day when she happens to share a bench with two lovers in the park.
Alice Walker,Everyday UseWhen successful Dee visits from the city, she has changed her name to reflect her African roots. Her mother and sister notice other things have changed, too.
Virginia Woolf,A Haunted HouseWhatever hour you wake, a door is shutting. From room to room the ghostly couple walks, hand in hand.
POETRY
Talking with Kay Ryan
10. READING A POEM
POETRY OR VERSE
HOW TO READ A POEM
PARAPHRASE
William Butler Yeats,The Lake Isle of Innisfree
LYRIC POETRY
Robert Hayden, Those Winter Sundays
Adrienne Rich, Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers
NARRATIVE POETRY
Anonymous, Sir Patrick Spence
Robert Frost, “Out, Out—”
DRAMATIC POETRY
Robert Browning,My Last Duchess
DIDACTIC POETRY
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
THINKING ABOUT PARAPHRASING
William Stafford,Ask Me
William Stafford,A Paraphrase of “Ask Me”
CHECKLIST: Writing a Paraphrase
TOPICS FOR WRITING ON PARAPHRASING
TERMS FOR REVIEW
11. LISTENING TO A VOICE
TONE
Theodore Roethke,My Papa’s Waltz
Stephen Crane,The Wayfarer
Rhina Espaillat, Bilingual / Bilingüe
Franz Wright,Alcohol
Weldon Kees,For My Daughter
THE SPEAKER IN THE POEM
Natasha Trethewey,White Lies
Edwin Arlington Robinson, Luke Havergal
Anonymous, Dog Haiku
Langston Hughes, Theme for English B
Karen An-hwei Lee,Rainfall
William Carlos Williams,The Red Wheelbarrow
IRONY
Robert Creeley,Oh No
W. H. Auden, The Unknown Citizen
Sharon Olds, Rite of Passage
Edna St. Vincent Millay,Second Fig
Thomas Hardy,The Workbox
FOR REVIEW AND FURTHER STUDY
William Blake,The Chimney Sweeper
Richard Lovelace,To Lucasta
Wilfred Owen,Dulce et Decorum Est
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
THINKING ABOUT TONE
CHECKLIST: Writing About Tone
TOPICS FOR WRITING ON TONE
TERMS FOR REVIEW
12. WORDS
LITERAL MEANING: WHAT A POEM SAYS FIRST
William Carlos Williams,This Is Just to Say
DICTION
John Masefield,Cargoes
John Donne,Batter my heart, three-personed God, for You
THE VALUE OF A DICTIONARY
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow,Aftermath
J. V. Cunningham,Friend, on this scaffold Thomas More lies dead
Samuel Menashe,Bread
Carl Sandburg,Grass
WORD CHOICE AND WORD ORDER
Robert Herrick, Upon Julia’s Clothes
Kay Ryan,Blandeur
Thomas Hardy,The Ruined Maid
Julie Larios, What Bee Did
FOR REVIEW AND FURTHER STUDY
E. E. Cummings,anyone lived in a pretty how town
Sarah Cortez, Adam
Anonymous,Carnation Milk
Gina Valdés,English con Salsa
William Wordsworth,My heart leaps up when I behold
William Wordsworth, Mutability
Lewis Carroll,Jabberwocky
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
THINKING ABOUT DICTION
CHECKLIST: Writing About Diction
TOPICS FOR WRITING ON WORD CHOICE
TERMS FOR REVIEW
13. SAYING AND SUGGESTING
DENOTATION AND CONNOTATION
William Blake,London
Wallace Stevens,Disillusionment of Ten O’Clock
Robert Frost, Fire and Ice
Timothy Steele,Epitaph
Hieu Minh Nguyen,Arranged
H.D.,Sea Rose
Alfred, Lord Tennyson,Tears, Idle Tears
Richard Wilbur,Love Calls Us to the Things of This World
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
THINKING ABOUT DENOTATION AND CONNOTATION
CHECKLIST: Writing About What A Poem Says And Suggests
TOPICS FOR WRITING ON DENOTATION AND CONNOTATION
TERMS FOR REVIEW
14. IMAGERY
Ezra Pound,In a Station of the Metro
Taniguchi Buson, The piercing chill I feel
IMAGERY
T. S. Eliot,The winter evening settles down
Theodore Roethke,Root Cellar
Elizabeth Bishop,The Fish
Emily Dickinson, A Route of Evanescence
Jean Toomer,Reapers
Gerard Manley Hopkins, Pied Beauty
ABOUT HAIKU
Arakida Moritake, The falling flower
Matsuo Basho, Heat-lightning streak
Matsuo Basho,In the old stone pool
Taniguchi Buson, On the one-ton temple bell
Taniguchi Buson, Moonrise on mudflats
Kobayashi Issa,only one guy
Kobayashi Issa, Cricket
HAIKU FROM JAPANESE INTERNMENT CAMPS
Suiko Matsushita,Cosmos in bloom
Hakuro Wada, Even the croaking of frogs
CONTEMPORARY HAIKU
Nick Virgilio, The Old Neighborhood
Adelle Foley, Learning to Shave
FOR REVIEW AND FURTHER STUDY
John Keats,Bright star, would I were steadfast as thou art
William Carlos Williams,El Hombre
Gary Snyder, Mid-August at Sourdough Mountain Lookout
Angela Alaimo O’Donnell,Tattoo
Stevie Smith, Not Waving but Drowning
Robert Bly,Driving to Town Late to Mail a Letter
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
THINKING ABOUT IMAGERY
CHECKLIST: Writing About Imagery
TOPICS FOR WRITING ON IMAGERY
TERMS FOR REVIEW
15. FIGURES OF SPEECH
WHY SPEAK FIGURATIVELY?
Alfred, Lord Tennyson,The Eagle
William Shakespeare,Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?
Howard Moss,Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day?
METAPHOR AND SIMILE
Emily Dickinson,My Life had stood – a Loaded Gun
Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Flower in the Crannied Wall
William Blake, To see a world in a grain of sand
Sylvia Plath, Metaphors
N. Scott Momaday,Simile
Jill Alexander Essbaum, The Heart
Cody Walker, I’m Like
OTHER FIGURES OF SPEECH
James Stephens, The Wind
Robinson Jeffers, Hands
Dana Gioia, Money
Carl Sandburg, Fog
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
THINKING ABOUT METAPHORS
CHECKLIST: Writing About Metaphors
TOPICS FOR WRITING ON FIGURES OF SPEECH
TERMS FOR REVIEW
16. SOUND
SOUND AS MEANING
William Butler Yeats,Who Goes with Fergus?
Edgar Allan Poe, from Ulalume
William Wordsworth, A Slumber Did My Spirit Seal
ALLITERATION AND ASSONANCE
Frances Cornford,The Watch
Alfred, Lord Tennyson,The splendor falls on castle walls
RIME
Hilaire Belloc,The Hippopotamus
Bob Kaufman, No More Jazz at Alcatraz
David Barber,Aria
Gerard Manley Hopkins, God’s Grandeur
HOW TO READ A POEM ALOUD
Gerald Manley Hopkins,Spring and Fall
Michael Stillman,In Memoriam John Coltrane
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
THINKING ABOUT A POEM’S SOUND
CHECKLIST: Writing About a Poem’s Sound
TOPICS FOR WRITING ON SOUND
TERMS FOR REVIEW
17. RHYTHM
STRESSES AND PAUSES
STRESS AND MEANING
LINE ENDINGS
Gwendolyn Brooks,We Real Cool
Alfred, Lord Tennyson,Break, Break, Break
Dorothy Parker,Résumé
METER
Edith Sitwell,Mariner Man
A. E. Housman,When I was one-and-twenty
Edgar Allan Poe, Annabel Lee
Walt Whitman,Beat! Beat! Drums!
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
THINKING ABOUT RHYTHM
CHECKLIST: Scanning a Poem
TOPICS FOR WRITING ON RHYTHM
TERMS FOR REVIEW
18. CLOSED FORM
THE VALUE OF FORM
FORMAL PATTERNS
Ernest Dowson,Days of wine and roses
John Donne, Song (“Go and catch a falling star”)
BALLADS
Anonymous,Bonny Barbara Allan
Dudley Randall,Ballad of Birmingham
THE SONNET
William Shakespeare,Let me not to the marriage of true minds
Edna St. Vincent Millay, What lips my lips have kissed, and where, and why
Robert Frost, Acquainted with the Night
Kim Addonizio, First Poem for You
R.S. Gwynn,Shakespearean Sonnet
Sherman Alexie,The Facebook Sonnet
THE EPIGRAM
Sir John Harrington,Of Treason
Anonymous, Epitaph on a dentist
Wendy Videlock,If Not for the Dark
OTHER FORMS
Dylan Thomas,Do not go gentle into that good night
Paul Laurence Dunbar,We Wear the Mask
Elizabeth Bishop,Sestina
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
THINKING ABOUT A SONNET
CHECKLIST: Writing About A Sonnet
TOPICS FOR WRITING ON CLOSED FORM
TERMS FOR REVIEW
19. OPEN FORM
Denise Levertov,Ancient Stairway
FREE VERSE
E. E. Cummings,Buffalo Bill ’s
William Carlos Williams,The Dance
Stephen Crane,The Heart
Walt Whitman, I Hear America Singing
Wallace Stevens,Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird
FOR REVIEW AND FURTHER STUDY
E. E. Cummings,in Just-
Langston Hughes,I, Too
Francisco X. Alarcón, Frontera/Border
Carole Satyamurti,I Shall Paint My Nails Red
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
THINKING ABOUT FREE VERSE
CHECKLIST: Writing About Line Breaks
TOPICS FOR WRITING ON OPEN FORM
TERMS FOR REVIEW
20. SYMBOL
THE MEANINGS OF A SYMBOL
T. S. Eliot,The Boston Evening Transcript
Emily Dickinson,The Lightning is a yellow Fork
IDENTIFYING SYMBOLS
Thomas Hardy, Neutral Tones
Yusef Komunyakaa,Facing It
William Butler Yeats,He wishes for the Cloths of Heaven
ALLEGORY
Matthew, The Parable of the Good Seed
George Herbert,Redemption
Edwin Markham, Outwitted
Suji Kwock Kim,Occupation
Antonio Machado, Proverbios y Cantares (XXIX)
Translated by Michael Ortiz,Traveler
Robert Frost,The Road Not Taken
Christina Rossetti,Up-Hill
FOR REVIEW AND FURTHER STUDY
Mary Oliver,Wild Geese
Emma Lazarus,The New Colossus
Karen Holden, Bats in a Box
Lorine Niedecker,Popcorn-can cover
Tami Haaland,Lipstick
Wallace Stevens,Anecdote of the Jar
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
THINKING ABOUT SYMBOLS
CHECKLIST: Writing about Symbols
TOPICS FOR WRITING ON SYMBOLISM
TERMS FOR REVIEW
21. MYTH
THE SUBJECTS AND USES OF MYTH
Robert Frost,Nothing Gold Can Stay
William Wordsworth,The world is too much with us
H.D.,Helen
ARCHETYPE
Louise Bogan, Medusa
John Keats, La Belle Dame sans Merci
A.E. Stallings,First Love: A Quiz
PERSONAL MYTH
William Butler Yeats,The Second Coming
Diane Thiel,Memento Mori in Middle School
Sylvia Plath,Lady Lazarus
MYTH AND POPULAR CULTURE
Aimee Nezhukumatathil,What I Learned from the Incredible Hulk
FOR REVIEW AND FURTHER STUDY
Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Ulysses
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
THINKING ABOUT MYTH
CHECKLIST: Writing About Myth
TOPICS FOR WRITING ON MYTH
TERMS FOR REVIEW
22. WHAT IS POETRY?
Dante, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, William Wordsworth, Thomas Hardy, Robert Frost, Wallace Stevens, Mina Loy, W. H. Auden, José Garcia Villa, Christopher Fry, Elizabeth Bishop, Joy Harjo, Octavio Paz, Lucille Clifton, Charles Simic
Some Definitions of Poetry
23. POEMS FOR FURTHER READING
Aaron Abeyta,thirteen ways of looking at a tortilla
Francisco X. Alarcón,The X in My Name
Anonymous (Navajo chant),Last Words of the Prophet
Matthew Arnold,Dover Beach
W. H. Auden,Musée des Beaux Arts
Elizabeth Bishop,One Art
William Blake,The Tyger
Gwendolyn Brooks,the mother
Elizabeth Barrett Browning,How Do I Love Thee? Let Me Count the Ways
Charles Bukowski,Dostoevsky
Judith Ortiz Cofer,Quinceañera
Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Kubla Khan
Billy Collins, Introduction to Poetry
E. E. Cummings, somewhere i have never travelled, gladly beyond
Emily Dickinson, Wild Nights—Wild Nights!
Emily Dickinson, I felt a Funeral, in my Brain
Emily Dickinson, Because I could not stop for Death
John Donne,Death be not proud
John Donne,The Flea
T. S. Eliot,The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock
Robert Frost,Mending Wall
Robert Frost,Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening
Allen Ginsberg, A Supermarket in California
Thomas Hardy,The Convergence of the Twain
Seamus Heaney, Digging
William Ernest Henley,Invictus
George Herbert,Easter Wings
Juan Felipe Herrera, El Ángel de la Guarda
Robert Herrick,To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time
Gerard Manley Hopkins,The Windhover
A. E. Housman, Loveliest of trees, the cherry now
Langston Hughes, The Negro Speaks of Rivers
Langston Hughes,Harlem
Robinson Jeffers, Fire on the Hills
Ben Jonson,On My First Son
Donald Justice,On the Death of Friends in Childhood
John Keats,When I have fears that I may cease to be
Philip Larkin,Poetry of Departures
D. H. Lawrence,Piano
Li-Young Lee,Night Mirror
Denise Levertov, O Taste and See
Li Po,Translated by Arthur Waley, Drinking Alone by Moonlight
Shirley Geok-lin Lim, Learning to love America
Andrew Marvell,To His Coy Mistress
Claude McKay,If We Must Die
Edna St. Vincent Millay,Recuerdo
John Milton, When I consider how my light is spent
Marilyn Nelson, A Strange Beautiful Woman
Pablo Neruda,Translated by Alastair Reid, We Are Many
Ezra Pound,The River-Merchant’s Wife: A Letter
Henry Reed,Naming of Parts
Edwin Arlington Robinson,Miniver Cheevy
Christina Rossetti,Song (“When I am dead, my dearest”)
William Shakespeare,When, in disgrace with Fortune and men’s eyes (Sonnet 29)
William Shakespeare,My mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun (Sonnet 30)
Percy Bysshe Shelley,Ozymandias
Wallace Stevens, The Snow Man
Dylan Thomas,Fern Hill
Walt Whitman, When I Heard the Learn’d Astronomer
Walt Whitman,O Captain! My Captain!
William Carlos Williams, The Widow’s Lament in Springtime
William Carlos Williams, Queen-Anne’s-Lace
William Wordsworth, Composed upon Westminster Bridge
William Butler Yeats, Sailing to Byzantium
William Butler Yeats,When You Are Old
DRAMA
Talking with David Ives
24. READING A PLAY
INTERPRETING PLAYS
THEATRICAL CONVENTIONS
ELEMENTS OF A PLAY
Susan Glaspell,TriflesWas Minnie Wright to blame for the death of her husband? While the menfolk try to unravel a mystery, two women in the kitchen turn up revealing clues.
ANALYZINGTrifles
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
THINKING ABOUT A PLAY
CHECKLIST: Writing About a Play
TOPICS FOR WRITING ONTrifles
TERMS FOR REVIEW
25. TRAGEDY AND COMEDY
TRAGEDY
Christopher Marlowe,Scene from Doctor FaustusIn this scene from the classic drama, a brilliant scholar sells his soul to the devil. How smart is that?
COMEDY
Oscar Wilde,Scene from The Importance of Being Earnest(Act 1, Scene 1—Lady Bracknell Interviews Her Daughter’s Suitor) Lady Bracknell is no softie when interviewing a potential future son-in-law.
David Ives,Sure ThingBill wants to pick up Betty in a cafe, but he makes every mistake in the book. Luckily, he not only gets a second chance, but a third and a fourth as well.
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
THINKING ABOUT COMEDY
CHECKLIST: Writing About Comedy
TOPICS FOR WRITING ABOUT TRAGEDY
TOPICS FOR WRITING ABOUT COMEDY
TERMS FOR REVIEW
26. THE THEATER OF SOPHOCLES
THEATER IN ANCIENT GREECE
THE CIVIC ROLE OF GREEK DRAMA
ARISTOTLE’S CONCEPT OF TRAGEDY
SOPHOCLES
THE ORIGINS OFOedipus The King
Sophocles, Oedipus the King(Translated by David Grene)The dark story of Oedipus is considered by many to be the greatest example of classical Greek tragedy.
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
THINKING ABOUT GREEK TRAGEDY
CHECKLIST: Writing About Greek Drama
TOPICS FOR WRITING ON SOPHOCLES
TERMS FOR REVIEW
27. THE THEATER OF SHAKESPEARE
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE
A NOTE ONOTHELLO
PICTURINGOTHELLO
William Shakespeare,Othello, the Moor of Venice Here is a story of jealousy, that “green-eyed monster which doth mock/The meat it feeds on”—of a passionate, suspicious man and his blameless wife, of a serpent masked as a friend.
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
UNDERSTANDING SHAKESPEARE
CHECKLIST: Writing About Shakespeare
TOPICS FOR WRITING ON SHAKESPEARE
28. THE MODERN THEATER
REALISM
Lorraine Hansberry, A Raisin in the SunIn this Civil Rights-era classic, a poor family from Chicago’s South Side tries to cope with the forces of poverty, external challenges, and internal conflict.
Henrik Ibsen,A Doll’s House(Translated by R. Farquharson Sharp, revised by Viktoria Michelsen)The founder of modern drama portrays a troubled marriage. Helmer, the bank manager, regards his wife, Nora, as a “little featherbrain”—not knowing that the truth may shatter his smug world.
EXPERIMENTAL DRAMA
Milcha Sanchez-Scott,The Cuban Swimmer Nineteen-year-old Margarita Suarez wants to win a Southern California distance swimming race. Is her family behind her? Quite literally!
DOCUMENTARY DRAMA
Anna Deavere Smith,Scenes from Twilight: Los Angeles, 1992The violence that tore apart a city, in the words of those who were there.
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
THINKING ABOUT DRAMATIC REALISM
CHECKLIST: Writing About a Realist Play
TOPICS FOR WRITING ON REALISM
TERMS FOR REVIEW
29. PLAYS FOR FURTHER READING
Sharon E. Cooper,Mistaken Identity An odd couple tries to find common ground in an English pub.
David Henry Hwang,The Sound of a Voice A strange man arrives at a solitary woman’s home in the remote countryside. As they fall in love, they discover disturbing secrets about one another’s past.
Brighde Mullins,Click A long-distance phone call leads to darkly comic misunderstandings between this man and woman.
August Wilson,Fences A proud man’s love for his family is choked by his rigidity and self-righteousness, in this powerful drama by one of the great American playwrights of our time.
WRITING
30. WRITING ABOUT LITERATURE
READ ACTIVELY
Robert Frost,Nothing Gold Can Stay
THINK ABOUT THE READING
PLAN YOUR ESSAY
PREWRITING: GENERATE IDEAS AND ISSUES
Sample Student Prewriting Exercises
DEVELOP YOUR ARGUMENT
STRENGTHEN YOUR ARGUMENT: RHETORICAL APPEALS
Logical Argumentation: Evidence and Organization
Emotional Argumentation
Credibility: Tone and Balance
CHECKLIST: Developing an Argument
DRAFT YOUR ARGUMENT
Sample Student Paper, Rough Draft
REVISE YOUR ARGUMENT
CHECKLIST: Revising Your Argument
SOME FINAL ADVICE ON REWRITING
Sample Student Paper,Revised Draft
WHAT’S YOUR PURPOSE? COMMON APPROACHES TO WRITING ABOUT LITERATURE
Explication
Sample Student Paper,Fiction Explication
Robert Frost, Design
Sample Student Paper,Poetry Explication
Analysis
Sample Student Paper,Poetry Analysis
Sample Student Paper,Drama Analysis
Comparison and Contrast
Sample Student Paper,Fiction Comparison and Contrast
Response Paper
Sample Student Paper,Fiction Response
THE FORM OF YOUR FINISHED PAPER
TOPICS FOR WRITING
31. WRITING A RESEARCH PAPER
BROWSE THE RESEARCH
CHOOSE A TOPIC: FORMULATE YOUR ARGUMENT
BEGIN YOUR RESEARCH
Reliable Web Sources
Print Resources
Online Databases
CHECKLIST: Finding Reliable Sources
Visual Images
CHECKLIST: Using Visual Images
EVALUATE YOUR SOURCES
CHECKLIST: Evaluating Your Sources
ORGANIZE YOUR RESEARCH
ORGANIZE YOUR PAPER
MAINTAIN ACADEMIC INTEGRITY
ACKNOWLEDGE ALL SOURCES
Using Quotations
Citing Ideas
DOCUMENT SOURCES USING MLA STYLE
Keep a List of Sources
Use Parenthetical References
Create a Works-Cited List
Cite Sources in MLA Style
CONCLUDING THOUGHTS
REFERENCE GUIDE FOR MLA CITATIONS
Literary Credits
Photo Credits
Index of Authors and Titles
Index of Literary Terms
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