order of publication of the collection of works
non-fiction publication order
independent novel publication order
independent works publication order
albert camus was a renowned french author, journalist, philosopher and nobel prize winner. he was well known for writing fictional, philosophical and cultural novels. Camus is known for having contributed to the progress of the popular philosophy called absurdism. in his essay called the rebel, camus has written that throughout his life he opposed the beliefs of nihilism and delved into the belief in individual freedom. Camus won the Nobel Prize when he was 44 years old and is the second youngest person to receive the prestigious prize. he never classified himself as an existentialist, but was classified as such by others throughout his life. In an interview given in 1945, Camus stated that he was not associated with any ideology. Author Camus was born on November 7, 1913, in Mondovi, French Algeria. He studied at the University of Algiers and graduated in 1936. His mother was of Spanish descent, while his father was an agricultural worker of French-Algerian descent.
After the death of his father due to wounds sustained in the First World War, Camus and his mother lived in poverty. During his college days, Camus used to play soccer. but in 1930 he contracted tuberculosis and had to give up the sport. the illness also forced him to study part-time. To earn a living, Camus had to take odd jobs as a clerk, private tutor, assistant, etc. In 1935, Camus joined the Communist Party to fight against inequalities between natives and Europeans in Algeria. however, he did not believe in Marxist philosophy. When he joined the People’s Party of Algeria, there was a backlash from his old party and he was eventually expelled. as a result of this, he became associated with the anarchist movement. he also started writing for anarchist publications like la revolution, worker solidarity, le libertaire, etc. camus did not believe in god and did not consider himself an atheist. rather, he declared himself irreligious.
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camus published his first work in 1936 in collaboration with yves bourgeois, alfred poignant and jeanne-paule sicard. it was called revolte dans les asturies and it referred to the revolt of the Spanish miners that the Spanish government brutally repressed. In 1937, Camus wrote his first book and dedicated it to Jean Grenier. At the time of World War II, Camus became part of a resistance cell called Combat. this cell published underground newspapers and worked against hitler. After joining the fray, Camus began writing under the pseudonym Beacuchard. He even became the newspaper’s editor in 1943. After Combat became a trade paper in 1947, Camus decided to resign. In 1944, he was tasked with reporting on the last fight that led to the liberation of Paris from the Allies.
When the United States attacked Japan with atomic bombs, Camus joined other French publishers in publicly expressing their disgust and opposition. When tuberculosis returned in 1949, Camus spent two years in seclusion and returned in 1951 to publish his book called The Rebel. In this book, Camus has made a philosophical analysis of revolution and rebellion. he has also rejected communist philosophy in the book. Camus’s views upset several of his contemporaries and colleagues in France and also led him to part ways with the highly decorated philosopher, novelist, playwright, political activist and close friend of Camus, Sartre. The split depressed Camus, after which he began translating plays. later, he went on to write other books.
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Throughout his life, Camus remained ambitious and active. With the money earned from winning the Nobel Prize, Camus adapted Dostoyesvsky’s Demons for the stage. the play proved to be a critical success and greatly increased his popularity. Camus had been married twice in his life. His first marriage to Simone Hie in 1934 ended due to infidelities on the part of Camus and Simone. In 1940 he married a mathematician and pianist named Francine Faure. the two had twins jean and catherine. Outside of his marriage, Camus had several affairs, including that of a Spanish actress named Maria Casares. Camus breathed his last on January 4, 1960, after being involved in a car accident. after his death, his widowed wife and his children obtained the copyright to his works.
a popular book written by the author albert camus is titled ‘the plague’. It was released in 1947. This book describes the story of a plague that spread in the Franco-allergy town called Oran. Throughout this book, Camus has asked himself several questions related to the human condition and the nature of destiny. Camus has mentioned a wide range of characters in the book, including vacationers, doctors, fugitives, etc. The novel’s story is believed to be inspired by a cholera epidemic that swept through Oran in 1849 and killed a large population. Camus has set the story in the 1940s. Some of the essential characters represented in the book include Bernard Rieux, Jean Tarrou, Raymond Rambert, Joseph Grand, Cottard, Father Paneloux, etc. Bernard Rieix is shown as a doctor who runs a hospital in Oran and treats patients during the plague by working long hours. he does everything in his power to save his patients, but he knows in his heart that he cannot beat death. Jean Torrou is represented as a good-natured and humble man. he proposes the idea of dividing the volunteers into several teams to fight the epidemic. The overall story is divided into 5 parts. received critical success.
another well-known novel written by camus is known as ‘a happy death’. the novel was originally written in French. It was published posthumously and was translated into English in 1972 by Richard Howard. The theme of this book is based on the will to be happy in all situations. It is told in two parts and revolves around the lives of the central characters named Patrice Mersault, Roland Zagreus, Marthe, Lucienne, etc. Initially, Patrice Mersault is shown leading an empty and monotonous life. She works in an office and has a pointless and unreliable relationship with a girl named Martha. patrice comes into contact with roland zagreus, who helps him get out of his miserable life. After gaining enormous wealth, Patrice goes on a trip to Europe. Despite traveling to numerous beautiful places, Patrice is not at peace. he goes back to algiers and marries a nice lady. Patrice eventually dies after battling an illness. his widow thinks he died a happy death.
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