Literature: The Human Experience provides a broad range of compelling fiction, poetry, drama, and nonfiction that explores the intersections and contradictions of human nature. Timeless themes such as innocence and experience, conformity and rebellion, culture and identity, love and hate, and life and death are presented through the context of experiences that are enduringly human. Diverse selections from contemporary and classic authors across time and cultures offer students opportunities to discover literature with which they can connect.A flexible arrangement of literature within each theme allows instructors to teach the text however best suits their classrooms, and the expert instruction and exciting selections will help to guide and entice even the most reluctant readers. Enhancements to the shorter twelfth edition include two new casebooks that help students to see how literature can make arguments as well as new reading questions that ask students to make arguments about the selections. To top it off, Literature: The Human Experience is value-priced, providing a wealth of material for an affordable price. Literature: The Human Experience is also available with LaunchPad Solo for Literature, a set of online materials that helps beginning literature students learn and practice close reading and critical thinking skills in an interactive environment.
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Richard Abcarian (PhD, University of California, Berkeley) is a professor of English emeritus at California State University, Northridge, where he taught for thirty-seven years. During his teaching career, he won two Fulbright professorships. In addition to editing Literature: The Human Experience and its compact edition, he is the editor of a critical edition of Richard Wright”s A Native Son, as well as several other literature textbooks.Marvin Klotz (PhD, New York University) is a professor of English emeritus at California State University, Northridge, where he taught for thirty-three years and won Northridge”s distinguished teaching award in 1983. He is also the winner of two Fulbright professorships (in Vietnam and Iran) and was a National Endowment for the Arts Summer Fellow twice. In addition to editing Literature: The Human Experience and several other textbooks, he coauthored a guide and index to the characters in Faulkner”s fiction.Samuel Cohen (PhD, City University of New York) is Associate Professor of English and Director of Graduate Studies at the University of Missouri. He is the author of After the End of History: American Fiction in the 1990s, co-editor (with Lee Konstantinou) of The Legacy of David Foster Wallace, Series Editor of The New American Canon: The Iowa Series in Contemporary Literature and Culture, and has published in such journals as Novel, Clio, Twentieth-Century Literature, The Journal of Basic Writing, and Dialogue: A Journal for Writing Specialists. For Bedford/St. Martin”s, he is author of 50 Essays: A Portable Anthology and coauthor of Literature: The Human Experience.
Table of Contents
Preface for InstructorsINTRODUCTIONResponding to Literature• Emily Dickinson, There Is No Frigate Like A BookWhy We Read LiteratureReading Actively and CriticallyReading FictionThe Methods of Fiction• Tone• Plot• Characterization• Setting• Point of View• Irony• ThemeQuestions for Exploring FictionReading Poetry• Walt Whitman, When I Heard the Learn”d AstronomerWord ChoiceFigurative Language• Metaphor• Simile• Personification• Allusion• SymbolsThe Music of PoetryQuestions for Exploring PoetryReading DramaStages and StagingThe Elements of Drama• Characters• Dramatic Irony• Plot and ConflictQuestions for Exploring DramaReading NonfictionTypes of Nonfiction• Narrative Nonfiction• Descriptive Nonfiction• Expository Nonfiction• Argumentative NonfictionAnalyzing Nonfiction• The Thesis• Structure and Detail• Style and ToneQuestions for Exploring NonfictionWriting about LiteratureResponding to Your ReadingAnnotating While You Read• William Shakespeare, Sonnet 29FreewritingKeeping a JournalExploring and Planning• Asking Good Questions• Establishing a Working Thesis• Gathering Information• Organizing InformationDrafting the EssayRefining Your OpeningSupporting Your ThesisRevising the EssayEditing Your Draft• Selecting Strong Verbs• Eliminating Unnecessary Modifiers• Grammatical ConnectionsProofreading Your DraftSome Common Writing Assignments ExplicationAnalysisComparison and ContrastThe Research PaperAn Annotated Student Research PaperSome Matters of Form and DocumentationTitlesQuotations• Brackets and Ellipses• Quotation Marks and Other PunctuationDocumentation• Documenting Online SourcesA Checklist for Writing about LiteratureINNOCENCE AND EXPERIENCEQuestions for Thinking and WritingFictionNathaniel Hawthorne, Young Goodman Brown*Naguib Mahfouz, Half a DayJohn Updike, A & PToni Cade Bambara, The LessonJamaica Kincaid, Girl*Camden Joy, Dum Dum BoysCONNECTING STORIES: CrushesJames Joyce, ArabyRivka Galchen, Wild Berry BlueCASE STUDY IN ARGUMENT: Finding Grace in Flannery O’ConnorFlannery O”Connor, A Good Man Is Hard to FindFlannery O”Connor, from Mystery & Manners*Bob Dowell, from The Moment of Grace in the Fiction of Flannery O’ConnorHallman B. Bryant, Reading the Map in “A Good Man Is Hard to Find”*Michael Clark, Flannery O’Connor’s “A Good Man Is Hard to Find”: The Moment of GracePoetry*Jonathan Swift, Stella’s Birth-Day. 1724-5William Blake, The Chimney Sweeper (Songs of Innocence)*William Blake, The Chimney Sweeper (Songs of Experience)William Blake, The Lamb*William Blake, The ShepherdWilliam Blake, The Garden of LoveWilliam Blake, LondonWilliam Blake, The TygerRobert Browning, My Last DuchessEmily Dickinson, I felt a Funeral, in my Brain*Thomas Hardy, The Men Who March AwayGerard Manley Hopkins, Spring and FallA.E. Housman, When I Was One-and-TwentyRobert Frost, The Road Not TakenRobert Frost, BirchesStevie Smith, Not Waving but DrowningCountee Cullen, IncidentLawrence Ferlinghetti, Constantly Risking AbsurdityPhilip Larkin, This Be the VerseAnthony Hecht, After the RainAudre Lorde, Hanging Fire*Alicia Ostriker, The Dogs at Live Oak Beach, Santa Cruz*Louise Glück, The Myth of InnocenceLouise Glück, The School ChildrenAlan Feldman, My CenturySandra Cisneros, My Wicked Wicked WaysSandra Castillo, Christmas, 1970Evelyn Lau, SolipsismCONNECTING POEMS: Voices of ExperienceLangston Hughes, Mother to SonPeter Meinke, Advice to My SonRobert Mezey, My MotherGary Soto, Behind Grandma”s HouseDramaHenrik Ibsen, A Doll”s HouseSuzan-Lori Parks, Father Comes Home from the WarsNonfictionLangston Hughes, SalvationJudith Ortiz Cofer, American HistoryBrian Doyle, Pop ArtFurther Questions for Thinking and WritingCONFORMITY AND REBELLIONQuestions for Thinking and WritingFictionHerman Melville, Bartleby, the ScrivenerFranz Kafka, A Hunger ArtistRalph Ellison, Battle RoyalShirley Jackson, The LotteryHarlan Ellison, “Repent, Harlequin!” Said the TicktockmanAmy Tan, Two Kinds*George Saunders, The End of FIRPO in the WorldPoetryRichard Crashaw, But Men Loved Darkness rather than LightWilliam Wordsworth, The World Is Too Much with UsAlfred, Lord Tennyson, UlyssesEmily Dickinson, Much Madness is divinest SenseEmily Dickinson, She rose to His RequirementThomas Hardy, The Man He KilledWilliam Butler Yeats, Easter 1916William Butler Yeats, The Second ComingCarl Sandburg, I Am the People, the Mob*Wallace Stevens, Peter Quince at the ClavierClaude McKay, If We Must DieLangston Hughes, HarlemW. H. Auden, The Unknown CitizenDudley Randall, Ballad of BirminghamGwendolyn Brooks, We Real CoolMarge Piercy, The Market EconomyCarolyn Forche, The ColonelNatasha Trethewey, FlounderCONNECTING POEMS: Revising AmericaWalt Whitman, One Song, America, Before I GoLangston Hughes, I, TooAllen Ginsberg, A Supermarket in CaliforniaShirley Geok-Lin Lim, Learning to Love AmericaDramaSophocles, AntigonêNonfictionJonathan Swift, A Modest ProposalCASE STUDY IN ARGUMENT: Making Change*Bill McKibben, A Call to Arms: An Invitation to Demand Action on Climate Change*Rebecca Solnit, Revolutions Per Minute*Malcolm Gladwell, Small Change: Why the Revolution Will Not Be TweetedFurther Questions for Thinking and WritingCULTURE AND IDENTITYQuestions for Thinking and WritingFiction*Lu Xun, Diary of a MadmanCharlotte Perkins Gilman, The Yellow WallpaperJames Baldwin, Sonny”s BluesAlice Walker, Everyday UseSherman Alexie, This Is What It Means to Say Phoenix, ArizonaPoetry*Jonathan Swift, Market Women’s CriesWalt Whitman, from Song of MyselfEmily Dickinson, I”m Nobody! Who Are You?James Weldon Johnson, A Poet to His Baby SonT. S. Eliot, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock*Howard Nemerov, MoneyEtheridge Knight, Hard Rock Returns to Prison from the Hospital for the Criminal InsaneMarge Piercy, Barbie DollKay Ryan, All Shall Be RestoredJuan Felipe Herrera, 187 Reasons Mexicanos Can”t Cross the Border (remix)*Gregory Djanikian, Sailing to AmericaJudith Ortiz Cofer, Latin Women PrayLouise Erdrich, Dear John WayneMarilyn Chin, How I Got That NameTaslima Nasrin, Things Cheaply Had*Omar Pérez, Contributions to a Rudimentary Concept of Nation*Chris Abani, BlueKevin Young, NegativeTerrance Hayes, Root*Tishahi Doshi, The Immigrant’s Song*Tishani Doshi, Lament ICONNECTING POEMS: America through Immigrants’ EyesPhillis Wheatley, On Being Brought from Africa to America*Emma Lazarus, The New Colossus*Léopold Sédar Senghor, To New York*Kofi Awoonor, AmericaDramaDavid Henry Hwang, Trying to Find ChinatownNonfictionVirginia Woolf, What If Shakespeare Had Had a Sister?George Orwell, Shooting an Elephant*Eula Biss, Time and Distance OvercomeCONNECTING NONFICTION: Fitting InBharati Mukherjee, Two Ways to Belong in AmericaLacy M. Johnson, White Trash PrimerFurther Questions for Thinking and WritingLOVE AND HATEQuestions for Thinking and WritingFictionKate Chopin, The StormZora Neale Hurston, SweatErnest Hemingway, Hills Like White ElephantsRaymond Carver, What We Talk About When We Talk About LoveJoyce Carol Oates, Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?*Lydia Millet, Love in Infant MonkeysPoetrySappho, With His VenomWilliam Shakespeare, Sonnet 18 “Shall I compare thee to a summer”s day “William Shakespeare, Sonnet 29 “When, in disgrace with fortune and men”s eyes”William Shakespeare, Sonnet 64 “When I have seen by Time”s fell hand defaced”William Shakespeare, Sonnet 116, “Let me not to the marriage of true minds”William Shakespeare, Sonnet 130 “My mistress” eyes are nothing like the sun”John Donne, The FleaJohn Donne, A Valediction: Forbidding MourningBen Jonson, Song, to CeliaRobert Herrick, To the Virgins, to Make Much of TimeAnne Bradstreet, To My Dear and Loving HusbandAndrew Marvell, To His Coy MistressWilliam Blake, A Poison TreeRobert Burns, A Red, Red RoseMatthew Arnold, Dover BeachRobert Frost, Fire and IceDorothy Parker, One Perfect RoseTheodore Roethke, I Knew a WomanElizabeth Bishop, One ArtWislawa Szymborska, A Happy LoveLisel Mueller, Happy and Unhappy Families ICarolyn Kizer, Bitch*Carolyn Kizer, Afternoon HappinessGalway Kinnell, After Making Love We Hear FootstepsAdrienne Rich, Living in SinSylvia Plath, DaddyLucille Clifton, There Is a Girl InsideSeamus Heaney, ValedictionBilly Collins, SonnetWyatt Prunty, Learning the BicycleAdrian Blevins, The Case Against AprilDaisy Fried, Econo Motel, Ocean CityCONNECTING POEMS: Remembering FathersTheodore Roethke, My Papa”s WaltzRobert Hayden, Those Winter SundaysLi-Young Lee, Eating AloneCONNECTING POEMS: Love Stinks*Catullus, 70*Aphra Behn, Love in Fantastique Triumph satt*Edna St. Vincent Millay, I know I am but summer to your heart (Sonnet XXVII)*Faiz Ahmed Faiz, Be Near Me*Andrea Hollander, BetrayalDramaWilliam Shakespeare, OthelloSusan Glaspell, TriflesNonfictionPaul, 1 Corinthians 13Maxine Hong Kingston, No Name Woman*Sonya Chung, Getting It RightCONNECTING NONFICTION: Looking for Love in All the Wrong Places*Dagoberto Gilb, I Knew She Was Beautiful*Pablo Piñero Stillmann, Life, Love, Happiness: A Found Essay from the TwitterverseFurther Questions for Thinking and WritingLIFE AND DEATHQuestions for Thinking and WritingFictionEdgar Allen Poe, The Cask of AmontilladoLeo Tolstoy, The Death of Ivan IlyichKate Chopin, The Story of an HourTim O”Brien, The Things They CarriedHelena María Viramontes, The MothsCONNECTING STORIES: Mourning RitualsLeslie Marmon Silko, The Man to Send Rain Clouds*Allegra Goodman, Apple CakePoetryAnonymous, EdwardWilliam Shakespeare, Sonnet 73 “That time of year thou mayst in me behold”William Shakespeare, Fear No More the Heat o” the SunJohn Donne, Death, Be Not Proud*Jonathan Swift, A Satirical Elegy on the Death of a Late Famous GeneralPercy Bysshe Shelley, OzymandiasJohn Keats, Ode on a Grecian UrnEmily Dickinson, After great pain, a formal feeling comesEmily Dickinson, I heard a Fly buzzwhen I diedEmily Dickinson, Apparently with no surpriseEmily Dickinson, Because I could not stop for DeathGerard Manley Hopkins, God”s GrandeurA. E. Housman, To an Athlete Dying YoungWilliam Butler Yeats, Sailing to ByzantiumEdwin Arlington Robinson, Richard CoryRobert Frost, After Apple-PickingRobert Frost, “Out, Out”Robert Frost, Nothing Gold Can StayRobert Frost, Stopping by Woods on a Snowy EveningRobert Frost, DesignPablo Neruda, The Dead Woman*Czeslaw Milosz, A Song on the End of the WorldDylan Thomas, Do Not Go Gentle into That Good NightJames Wright, Lying in a Hammock at William Duffy”s Farm in Pine Island, MinnesotaDonald Hall, Affirmation*Marvin Klotz, RequiemAlicia Ostriker, DaffodilsSeamus Heaney, Mid-term BreakJane Kenyon, Let Evening ComeYusef Komunyakaa, Facing ItVictor Hernández Cruz, Problems with HurricanesMark Halliday, Chicken SaladMarie Howe, What The Living Do*Dilruba Ahmed, Snake Oil, Snake BiteCONNECTING POEMS: Animal FatesElizabeth Bishop, The FishWilliam Stafford, Traveling Through the DarkWilliam Greenway, Pit Pony*John Updike, Dog’s DeathDrama*Edward Albee, The SandboxNonfictionJohn Donne, Meditation XIV, from Devotions upon Emergent OccasionsCONNECTING NONFICTION: Rituals of Mourning*Jonathan Lethem, 13,1977, 21*Ruth Margalit, The UnmotheredFurther Questions for Thinking and WritingAppendicesGlossary of Critical ApproachesIntroductionDeconstructionEthical CriticismFeminist CriticismFormalist CriticismMarxist CriticismHistorical CriticismPsychoanalytic CriticismPostcolonial CriticismReader-Response CriticismBiographical Notes on the AuthorsGlossary of Literary TermsIndex of Authors and Titles* = New to this edition