order of publication of the complete works of friedrich nietzsche’s books
friedrich nietzsche was a german cultural critic, philosopher and essayist. His works on the meaning of existence, truth, conscience, morality, power, language, nihilism, aesthetics, history, and cultural theory have had a profound effect on intellectual history and philosophy. Westerners. nietzsche was born in a small town in prussia in 1844. he lost his father carl ludwig nietzsche when he was only four years old and together with his sister elizabeth, they were raised by his mother franziska. He went to a private elementary school in Naumburg and from there went on to the prestigious Schulpforta school, where he received a classical education. After graduating, he headed to the University of Bonn in 1864, where he studied for two years before transferring to the University of Leipzig. At Leipzig, he studied a combination of history, philology, linguistics, and literature. His greatest influence during this time was the writings of the philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer.
In 1869, Nietzsche got a job at the University of Basel, where he was a professor of classical philology. In 1872 he took up writing and published his first work “The Birth of Tragedy”, followed in 1878 by “Too Human”. It was at this time that he began to distance himself from classical scholarship in general and from the philosophy of his mentor Schopenhauer. he became interested in the values of society and contemporary civilizations and began to philosophize. In 1979, he was forced to resign his professorship at the University of Basel after suffering from a nervous disorder. For much of the 1880s, Nietzsche lived in seclusion, spending much of his time in Italy, Switzerland, and France when he was not with his mother in Naumburg. however, this was the most productive time for him as a writer and thinker. His most significant work during the 1880s “Thus Spoke Zarathustra” was published during this time, along with “The Twilight of the Idols”, “The Genealogy of Morals” and “Beyond Good and Evil”. it was also during this time that he developed the core principles of his philosophy. one of them was his “god is dead” statement that rejected the role of christianity as relevant in modern civilization. others included support for self-perfection brought about by the will to power and the creative drive. he also developed the concept of the “ubermensch”: the overman or superman who strives to live beyond the orthodox categories of slave and master of evil and good.
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Nietzsche’s work spanned a variety of disciplines, from science, art, culture, philology, tragedy, history, and religion. his work encompasses cultural criticism, philosophical controversy, poetry and fiction, although he is characterized by a penchant for irony and aphorism. He drew his early influences from people like Richard Wagner, Arthur Schopenhauer, and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. He would later quarrel with Wagner and refuted Arthur Schopenhauer’s philosophical leanings in his later writings. some of the salient elements of his philosophy are his preference for perspectivism and a radical critique of truth. this included a genealogical critique of Christian morality and religion, which somehow related to the morality of master and slave. he speaks of the deep crisis of nihilism and in addition to positing the death of god, he also made aesthetic claims of existence to defend his theories about why god’s existence is improbable. Nietzsche’s will to power collectively encompasses his notion of the Dionysian and Apollonian conception of the human subject as a manifestation of conflicting wills. the ubermensch one of the most influential philosophical concepts was first proposed by nietzsche. As he matured, he became more interested in the creative powers of the individual that allow him to seek aesthetic health and new values in moral, cultural and social contexts.
Nietzsche’s “Beyond Good and Evil” was first published in 1886 and expanded on “Thus Spake Zarathustra,” one of his most popular works. he takes a more controversial and critical approach by accusing notable philosophers of the past of blindly accepting dogmatic premises and being uncritical when it comes to morality. His central argument is that the philosophers made a great mistake in basing metaphysical claims on the notion that the bad man is the opposite of the good man. For Fredrich, the expression of good and evil is driven by the same basic drives through which they express themselves more directly in evil man. the book goes beyond notions of evil and good in that the traditional meaning of morality is criticized and rejected in favor of an affirmative approach. Nietzsche takes a perspective approach in dealing with the dangerous condition of the contemporary person and the state of knowledge. he casts doubt on past philosophical morality and asks people to accept falsehood as the natural state of being rather than want truth. According to him, all philosophy of the past is influenced by the author’s unconscious and involuntary moral prejudices that make their way into all supposed philosophical truth.
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“Thus Spake Zarathustra” is one of Nietzsche’s most popular works. while he has many ideas in the work, several themes stand out, including the general “ubermensch” as a self-controlled individual. the self-mastered individual is something like an omnipresent being who has reached his full potential. she also speaks of the “eternal return”, which is something like “nothing is new under the sun” since what has happened once will happen again. he advocates acceptance and acceptance of all the pleasures and horrors of life and believes that acceptance and deference to fate is a characteristic of the ubermensch. as everything repeats itself, the superman loves life and does not repent and is characterized by the Dionysian spirit and courage. he goes on to discuss the will to power as the driving force behind everything people do and claims that it is fundamental to human identity. compared to happiness, procreation or pleasure, the will to power is the reason that man finds to live and all the struggles that he has to face in life. “Thus Spake Zarathustra” also criticizes the Christian values of belief in the afterlife and good and evil. he criticizes Christianity, especially the irrational squandering of earthly life in pursuit of a perfect life in the afterlife for which there is no evidence.
“the twilight of the idols” is one of the best works of friedrich nietzsche, where he criticizes the philosophical and scholarly belief that life is worthless. He criticizes Plato and Socrates, who shared a negative physiological disposition that he believes was the result of a society in decline. Socrates takes a lot of beating from Nietzsche, who claims that since he belonged to the lower classes of society and was involved in all sorts of lustful impulses and vices, his ideas may not be the best. he criticizes the dialectical method as allowing less sophisticated thinkers and weaker philosophical positions to become popular as they tend to be more forceful or appealing to the masses. For Nietzsche, reason is always opposed to instinct, but Nietzsche believed that instinct had more value compared to the reason proposed by Socrates. in this regard, he also stated that morality, especially as presented by Christianity or the philosophers, is unnatural. Although he recognizes that passion is good and natural, he is not a hedonist because he recognizes the destructive power of too much passion. He also criticizes some of Plato’s ideas, including the fallibility of the senses, the world of forms, and being and becoming. Nietzsche argues that refuting the senses as Plato proposes is a symptom of decadence rather than excellence. by decadence he means the embrace of weakness, the fading of life and vitality. For Nietzsche, only the cowardly, sickly or weak can accept the sensory world as inferior while he takes the static world as superior. Nietzsche also links this to the belief in the non-physical kingdom of heaven in Christianity which he thinks is part of the hatred of life and decay.